Topics
Bridgman and liquid-metal cooling, seeds and grain selectors, thermal gradient and withdrawal rate, baffles, dendritic structure.
SolidificationPatent
An SJTU application: ceramic-fibre plates at critical levels of the mould block vertical radiation and reduce front tilt. Lower freckle and stray-grain tendency is claimed.
SolidificationPaper
Molten metal from the seed runs into the gap and freezes as a chilled layer. With a 0.3 mm gap the casting stays single-crystal; with 1.0 mm, stray grains grow out of the layer.
SolidificationPaper
In an industrial Bridgman furnace the side of the rod next to the chill ring, where the axial gradient is highest, had a coarser PDAS than the centre. The tilt of the liquidus isotherm matters, not just G and v.
